‘Oumuamua: Interstellar Visitor

We know that there are lots of asteroids and comets in the solar system, and we've even landed a spacecraft on a comet, so we know a reasonable amount about these objects. However in 2017, something happened that had never happened before. We detected an object that looked like a comet, but its motion and trajectory indicated that it came from outside of our solar system. This object was named 'Oumuamua, and we now understand that it is an exocomet, having originated in another system, traveling for millions of years through interstellar space before paying us a visit. What kind of data were we able to get about this, and what does it mean for future exocomet research?