Torque on a Particle: Beyond Fixed-Axis Rotation

This content defines torque for a particle moving along any trajectory relative to a fixed point, not just a fixed axis. It establishes torque as the vector cross product τ=r×F, explaining its direction using the right-hand rule and its magnitude as τ=rFsinϕ. The lesson also presents two alternative methods for calculating torque: using the perpendicular force component (F⊥) and the moment arm (r⊥).