Understanding Mass Numbers, Atomic Numbers, Isotopes, and Counting Particles in Atoms

The video explains the concepts of mass numbers, atomic numbers, and isotopes in chemistry. It discusses the structure of an atom, the relationship between the number of protons and electrons in neutral atoms, and how elements are defined by the number of protons. The video also explores how isotopes differ in mass but have the same atomic number, and how atoms can lose or gain electrons to become ions. The video concludes by demonstrating how to count the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms, ions, and isotopes.